CHAPTER 10: SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND GROUPINGS

Name:

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

The major factors in the violence in Rwanda are the facts that the groups involved speak different languages, and they have a different cultures and religions.

Obviously, the act of joining a voluntary organization cannot be anything other than voluntary.

Common-interest associations are based on age, kinship, marriage, and/or territory.

There is great variation in Muslim societies concerning the type of dress permissible for women.

Common-interest associations are not found in kin based societies such as First Nations communities or West African countries.

All stratified societies offer at least some mobility.

Social stratification by age has ceased to be important in Canadian society.

There are some human societies where there is no division of labour along gender lines.

The Indian caste system offers no flexibility or mobility.

10.

Social class affects many aspects of life in Canada.

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

11.

The PTA, Girl Guides, Great Books Discussion Clubs, the New Democratic Party, Neighbourhood Watch groups, the Canadian Association of University Teachers, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals—all of these are________.

a.	age grades
b.	age sets
c.	egalitarian societies
d.	common-interest associations
e.	social classes

12.

Which of the following statements about common-interest associations is incorrect?

a.	They were originally referred to in the anthropological literature as voluntary associations.
b.	Common-interest associations are more common in hunter-gatherer societies than in urban-industrial societies.
c.	Common-interest associations are intimately associated with world urbanization and increasing social complexity.
d.	Common-interest associations are found in many traditional societies.
e.	Sometimes one can join a common-interest association voluntarily, and sometimes membership is required by law.

13.

The text suggests that women's participation in common-interest associations in traditional societies such as the Iroquois Confederacy is often less than men's because_________________.

a.	Women are less sociable than men.
b.	Women have no interests in common because they see each other as sexual competitors.
c.	Women remain at home, isolated from other women.
d.	Men prevent women from joining such groups.
e.	Women have so many opportunities to socialize that they have little need for common-interest associations.

14.

Which of the following is not an example of a separate caste?

a.	African Americans prior to the Civil Rights Movement
b.	Blacks in South Africa prior to Nelson Mandela's presidency
c.	the untouchables of India
d.	the Brahmins of India
e.	Chartered accountants in Canada

15.

Which of the following statements is true?

a.	Anthropologists have never sought to explain cultural behaviour on the basis of race.
b.	Many anthropologists currently believe that race is an important determinant of cultural behaviour.
c.	Anthropologists today are uninterested in race.
d.	Anthropologists once tried to explain cultural behaviour on the basis of race. Now many anthropologists are interested in combating this idea and its social consequences.
e.	There is little consensus among anthropologists on the question of whether race determines culture.

16.

One theory, widely accepted for years, postulates that underlying the differentiation between kinship and associational groups is a profound difference in the psychology of the sexes. Most anthropologists would now view this theory as

a.	correct, but limited in its scope
b.	culture bound
c.	an adequate explanation for the differentiation between kinship and associational groups
d.	a useful foundation for further study
e.	too ambitious

17.

A status into which people are born is called __________, according to the definition of that term given in your textbook.

a.	natal
b.	original
c.	ascribed
d.	achieved
e.	maternal

18.

An anthropologist who is well known for rejecting the notion that biological difference between races was important in influencing cultural behaviour was ____________.

a.	Franz Boas
b.	Edwardb. Tylor
c.	Sir Richard F. Burton
d.	John F. McLennan
e.	Lewis Henry Morgan

19.

Given your textbook’s definition of a common-interest association, which of the following does not fall within that category?

a.	the Canadian Auto Workers’ Union
b.	the Federation of Students
c.	the Heritage Front
d.	the Six Nations Iroquois
e.	the Green Party

20.

The anthropologist Michael Asch conducted a social impact assessment concerning a proposed pipeline in the Mackenzie River Valley which concluded that__________.

a.	the Dene had given up hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering because they were no longer interested in these occupations
b.	the Dene had abandoned their traditional occupations because they had been forced to do so
c.	there was no longer sufficient game to support traditional Dene occupations.
d.	the Dene had moved to towns largely to raise the cash to support their traditional life ways
e.	the proposed pipeline would provide needed employment for the Dene

21.

Functionalist theories of social inequality argue that _______________.

a.	some social inequality is necessary to preserve order in a complex society
b.	social inequality can be eliminated through careful social planning
c.	social inequality inevitably leads to conflict, which will ultimately bring about equality
d.	social inequality is exploitative and should not exist in a democratic society
e.	social inequality has largely been eliminated in democratic societies

22.

From the following societies identify the one in which men and women share tasks, and men can perform work normally assigned to women without loss of face.

a.	Yanomamo
b.	Seneca
c.	Nuer
d.	Mundurucu
e.	Ju/'hoansi

23.

Besides all being Native American groups, what did traditional Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, and Onondaga have in common?

a.	Women and men had separate but complementary roles.
b.	Women had little role in food production.
c.	Men were oppressive in their relationships with women.
d.	Men and women shared tasks.
e.	Men performed tasks usually done by women without losing face.

24.

In this Amazonian group, not only do men work apart from women, but also eat and sleep separately. What is the name of this group?

a.	Ju/'hoansi
b.	Ibos
c.	Dobu
d.	Mundurucu
e.	Tchambuli

25.

Which of the following have historically been subject to racial discrimination in Canada?

a.	First Nations peoples
b.	Chinese-Canadians
c.	Japanese Canadians
d.	all of the above
e.	both a and b but not c

26.

Which of the following describes a caste system?

a.	an organized category of people based on age
b.	groups of persons initiated in age grades simultaneously
c.	not based on age, kinship, marriage, but rather the act of joining
d.	a fairly fixed membership, strongly endogamous, with membership determined by birth
e.	a category of individuals who enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to the evaluation system

27.

The Brahmans are ____________.

a.	an extended family
b.	a joint family
c.	a social class
d.	an age set
e.	a caste

28.

An astute person can recognize the social class of a person in Canada in which of the following ways?

a.	through clothing
b.	through evaluation of speech patterns and choice of words
c.	through patterns of association
d.	all of the above
e.	none of the above

29.

In Canada, upward mobility in the system of stratification is increasingly becoming dependent on __________________.

a.	family connections
b.	geography
c.	higher education
d.	physical strength
e.	gender

30.

According to ____________beliefs, sex roles were once reversed, with women ruling men.

a.	Mundurucu
b.	Iroquois
c.	Trobriand
d.	Yako
e.	Mundugumor